El Niño has strengthened to near-record levels, with the Nino3.4 index reaching 2.72°C during the week ending September 27, the second-highest level on record. Models show further warming through spring (October-November), with most models peaking above 3°C.
A positive Indian Ocean Dipole is also likely to develop during the same period, according to the Bureau of Meteorology, Australia’s Southern Hemisphere monitoring report.
Oceanic and atmospheric indices point to a strong El Nino, with further intensification expected through the remainder of spring.
